302 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
302 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
# 多VLAN环境下的VRRP负载分担
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- **需求**
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- SW1
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```
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备份组10：
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SW1-master设备
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作用：转发VLAN10用户上网数据
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优先级：130
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备份组20：
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SW1-backup设备
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作用：监控备份组20的master设备
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优先级：默认100
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```
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- SW2
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```
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备份组10：
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SW2-backup设备
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作用：监控备份组10的master设备
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优先级：默认100
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备份组20：
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SW2-master设备
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作用：转发VLAN20用户上网数据
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优先级：130
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```
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### 一、配置PC、服务器、路由的IP、子网掩码、网关
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- **AR1**
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```
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[AR1]int g0/0/0
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[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.13.3 24
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[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
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[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.3 24
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[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
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[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.2.254 24
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```
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### 二、配置交换机VLAN
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- **SW3**
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```
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[SW3]vlan batch 10 20
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[SW3]int g0/0/1
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
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[SW3]port-group group-member g0/0/3 g0/0/4
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[SW3-port-group]port link-type trunk
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[SW3-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
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```
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- **SW1**
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```
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[SW1]vlan 13
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[SW1-vlan13]quit
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 13
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
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[SW1]int vlan 13
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[SW1-Vlanif13]ip add 192.168.13.1 24
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```
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- **SW2**
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```
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[SW2]vlan 23
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[SW2-vlan23]quit
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[SW2]int g0/0/2
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 23
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
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[SW2]int vlan 23
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[SW2-Vlanif13]ip add 192.168.23.1 24
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```
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### 三、配置VRRP
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- **SW1**
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```
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[SW1]vlan batch 10 20
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[SW1]int vlan 10
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[SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.251 24
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[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
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[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 priority 130
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[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50
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[SW1-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
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[SW1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.251 24
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[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
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```
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- *注解*
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1. `[SW1]int vlan 10`：进入交换机 SW1 的配置模式，并创建或进入 VLAN 10 的接口配置。
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2. `[SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.251 24`：为 VLAN 10 的虚拟接口配置 IP 地址 192.168.10.251，子网掩码为 24 位。
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3. `[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254`：在 VLAN 10 上配置 VRRP，设置虚拟路由器 ID 为 10，并指定虚拟 IP 地址为 192.168.10.254。
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4. `[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 priority 130`：设置 VRRP 虚拟路由器 10 的优先级为 130。
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5. `[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50`：配置 VRRP 跟踪功能，监视接口 g0/0/1 的状态。如果该接口故障，VRRP 的优先级将减少 50。
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6. `[SW1]int vlan 20`：创建或进入 VLAN 20 的接口配置。
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7. `[SW1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.251 24`：为 VLAN 20 的虚拟接口配置 IP 地址 192.168.20.251，子网掩码为 24 位。
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8. `[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254`：在 VLAN 20 上配置 VRRP，设置虚拟路由器 ID 为 20，并指定虚拟 IP 地址为 192.168.20.254。
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- **SW2**
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```
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[SW2]vlan batch 10 20
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[SW2]int vlan 10
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[SW2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.252 24
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[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
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[SW2-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
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[SW2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.252 24
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[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
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[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 priority 130
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[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50
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```
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- *注解*
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1. `[SW2]int vlan 10`：进入交换机 SW2 的配置模式，并创建或进入 VLAN 10 的接口配置。
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2. `[SW2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.252 24`：为 VLAN 10 的虚拟接口配置 IP 地址 192.168.10.252，子网掩码为 24 位。
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3. `[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254`：在 VLAN 10 上配置 VRRP，设置虚拟路由器 ID 为 10，并指定虚拟 IP 地址为 192.168.10.254（与 SW1 上的配置相同）。
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4. `[SW2]int vlan 20`：创建或进入 VLAN 20 的接口配置。
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5. `[SW2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.252 24`：为 VLAN 20 的虚拟接口配置 IP 地址 192.168.20.252，子网掩码为 24 位。
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6. `[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254`：在 VLAN 20 上配置 VRRP，设置虚拟路由器 ID 为 20，并指定虚拟 IP 地址为 192.168.20.254（与 SW1 上的配置相同）。
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7. `[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 priority 130`：设置 VRRP 虚拟路由器 20 的优先级为 130。
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8. `[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50`：配置 VRRP 跟踪功能，监视接口 g0/0/1 的状态。如果该接口故障，VRRP 的优先级将减少 50。
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- **总结**
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- VLAN 10 和 VLAN 20 都在两台交换机上配置了 VRRP，虚拟 IP 地址分别为 192.168.10.254 和 192.168.20.254。
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- 在 VLAN 10 上，SW1 的优先级高于 SW2，因此 SW1 将成为主网关。
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- 在 VLAN 20 上，SW2 的优先级被设置为 130，高于 SW1 的默认优先级（通常为 100），因此 SW2 将成为主网关。
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- 如果 g0/0/1 接口故障，那么拥有该接口的交换机的 VRRP 优先级将降低，可能导致主备角色切换。
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### 四、静态路由
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- **SW1**
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```
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[SW1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.13.3
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```
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- **SW2**
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```
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[SW2]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.23.3
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```
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- **AR1**
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```
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[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.13.1
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[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.23.1 preference 100
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[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.13.1 preference 100
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[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.23.1
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```
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### 五、连通性测试
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- **PC1**
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- PING 服务器
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```
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PC1>ping 192.168.2.1
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Ping 192.168.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=47 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=47 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=63 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=62 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=47 ms
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--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---
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5 packet(s) transmitted
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5 packet(s) received
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0.00% packet loss
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round-trip min/avg/max = 47/53/63 ms
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```
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- Tracert 服务器
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```
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PC1>tracert 192.168.2.1
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traceroute to 192.168.2.1, 8 hops max
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(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
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1 192.168.10.251 16 ms 46 ms 47 ms
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2 192.168.13.3 63 ms 62 ms 78 ms
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3 192.168.2.1 63 ms 62 ms 63 ms
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```
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- **PC2**
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- PING 服务器
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```
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PC2>ping 192.168.2.1
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Ping 192.168.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=62 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=63 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=78 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=78 ms
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From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=47 ms
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--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---
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5 packet(s) transmitted
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5 packet(s) received
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0.00% packet loss
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round-trip min/avg/max = 47/65/78 ms
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```
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- Tracert 服务器
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```
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PC2>tracert 192.168.2.1
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traceroute to 192.168.2.1, 8 hops max
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(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
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1 192.168.20.252 31 ms 47 ms 31 ms
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2 192.168.23.3 62 ms 79 ms 62 ms
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3 192.168.2.1 63 ms 62 ms 63 ms
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```
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### 六、功能性测试
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- **左侧上行线断连**
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- PC1 Tracert 服务器
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```
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PC1>tracert 192.168.2.1
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traceroute to 192.168.2.1, 8 hops max
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(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
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1 192.168.10.252 47 ms 47 ms 47 ms
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2 192.168.23.3 78 ms 62 ms 63 ms
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3 192.168.2.1 78 ms 62 ms 63 ms
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```
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- PC2 Tracert 服务器
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```
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PC2>tracert 192.168.2.1
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traceroute to 192.168.2.1, 8 hops max
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(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
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1 192.168.20.252 62 ms 47 ms 47 ms
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2 192.168.23.3 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms
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3 192.168.2.1 78 ms 63 ms 62 ms
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```
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- **右侧上行线断连**
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- PC1 Tracert 服务器
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```
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PC1>tracert 192.168.2.1
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traceroute to 192.168.2.1, 8 hops max
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(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
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1 192.168.10.251 78 ms 31 ms 47 ms
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2 192.168.13.3 109 ms 78 ms 63 ms
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3 192.168.2.1 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms
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```
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- PC2 Tracert 服务器
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```
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PC2>tracert 192.168.2.1
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traceroute to 192.168.2.1, 8 hops max
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(ICMP), press Ctrl+C to stop
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1 192.168.20.251 93 ms 32 ms 46 ms
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2 192.168.13.3 63 ms 62 ms 79 ms
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3 192.168.2.1 62 ms 94 ms 62 ms
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```
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