2024年8月29日 16:19:11

B. 第二阶段/拓扑练习/0829_ACL.md

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+# ACL
+
+![image-20240829150108770](https://picgo-noriu.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Images/image-20240829150108770.png)
+
+### 一、IP
+
+- **PC & Server**
+
+- **AR1**
+
+  ```
+  [AR1]int g0/0/0
+  [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.254 24
+  [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
+  [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.2.254 24
+  [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
+  [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.3.254 24
+  ```
+
+### 二、ACL
+
+- **AR1**
+
+  ```
+  [AR1]acl 2000
+  [AR1-acl-basic-2000]rule 10 deny source 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
+  [AR1-acl-basic-2000]quit
+  [AR1]int g0/0/2
+  [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]traffic-filter outbound acl 2000
+  ```
+
+  *解释：*
+
+  - `[AR1]acl 2000`：这个命令创建了一个编号为2000的基本ACL。在华为设备上，基本ACL的编号范围是2000-2999。
+
+  - `[AR1-acl-basic-2000]rule 10 deny source 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0`：这个命令在ACL 2000中添加了一条规则，规则编号为10。这条规则的作用是拒绝源IP地址为192.168.1.1的所有流量。`0.0.0.0`表示一个通配符掩码，这里它被用来指定一个精确的IP地址匹配，因为0.0.0.0表示所有比特位都必须匹配。
+
+    具体来说，这条ACL规则做了以下事情：
+
+    - `rule 10`：定义了规则的编号，规则编号决定了规则的执行顺序，编号越小，优先级越高。
+    - `deny`：表示动作是拒绝匹配规则的流量。
+    - `source 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0`：定义了匹配条件，即源IP地址必须精确为192.168.1.1。
+
+  - `[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]traffic-filter outbound acl 2000`：在g0/0/0接口上应用ACL 2000，以过滤出站流量。
+
+### 三、测试
+
+- **PC1**
+
+  - PING PC2
+
+    ```
+    PC>ping 192.168.2.1
+    
+    Ping 192.168.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
+    Request timeout!
+    From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=127 time<1 ms
+    From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=127 time=15 ms
+    From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=127 time=16 ms
+    From 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=127 time=15 ms
+    
+    --- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---
+      5 packet(s) transmitted
+      4 packet(s) received
+      20.00% packet loss
+      round-trip min/avg/max = 0/11/16 ms
+    ```
+
+  - PING Server
+
+    ```
+    PC>ping 192.168.3.1
+    
+    Ping 192.168.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
+    Request timeout!
+    Request timeout!
+    Request timeout!
+    Request timeout!
+    Request timeout!
+    
+    --- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics ---
+      5 packet(s) transmitted
+      0 packet(s) received
+      100.00% packet loss
+    ```
+
+- **PC2**
+
+  - PING PC1
+
+    ```
+    PC>ping 192.168.1.1
+    
+    Ping 192.168.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
+    From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=127 time=16 ms
+    From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=127 time=16 ms
+    From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=127 time=15 ms
+    From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=127 time<1 ms
+    From 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=127 time<1 ms
+    
+    --- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
+      5 packet(s) transmitted
+      5 packet(s) received
+      0.00% packet loss
+      round-trip min/avg/max = 0/9/16 ms
+    ```
+
+  - PING Server
+
+    ```
+    PC>ping 192.168.3.1
+    
+    Ping 192.168.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
+    From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=16 ms
+    From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=15 ms
+    From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=16 ms
+    From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time<1 ms
+    From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=16 ms
+    
+    --- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics ---
+      5 packet(s) transmitted
+      5 packet(s) received
+      0.00% packet loss
+      round-trip min/avg/max = 0/12/16 ms
+    ```
+
+