Cyber_Security_Notes/A. 第一阶段/14_VLAN间通信.md

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2024-08-29 08:54:45 +08:00
# VLAN间通信
### 一、VLANIF虚接口
1. 三层交换机是具有网络层路由功能的交换机
2. VLANIF接口是一种三层虚拟接口可以实现VLAN间的三层互通
3. VLANIF配置接口IP地址作为VLAN内主机的网关
### 二、VLANIF虚接口实验
![image-20240828194442794](https://picgo-noriu.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Images/image-20240828194442794.png)
- **需求**
> 让所有vlan内的所有pc主机都可以互通
- **配置步骤**
- 配置PC的IP地址和掩码、网关
- 交换机SW2/SW3 上创建VLAN配置接口接口加入VLAN
- 在SW1上创建VLAN并且给VLANIF 虚拟接口配置IP地址
- **配置命令**
- SW1配置
```
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20 30 40
[SW1]port-group group-member g0/0/1 g0/0/2
[SW1-port-group]port link-type trunk
[SW1-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[SW1-port-group]quit
[SW1]interface vlanif 10
[SW1-vlanif10] ip address 192.168.10.254 24
[SW1-vlanif10]interface vlanif 20
[SW1-vlanif20]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
[SW1-vlanif20]interface vlanif 30
[SW1-vlanif30]ip address 192.168.30.254 24
[SW1-vlanif30]interface vlanif 40
[SW1-vlanif40]ip address 192.168.40.254 24
```
- SW2配置
```
[SW2]vlan batch 10 20 30 40
[SW2]interface g0/0/1
[SW2-g0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW2-g0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[SW2-g0/0/1]interface g0/0/2
[SW2-g0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW2-g0/0/2]port default vlan 10
[SW2-g0/0/2]interface g0/0/3
[SW2-g0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW2-g0/0/3]port default vlan 20
```
- SW3配置
```
[SW3]vlan batch 10 20 30 40
[SW3]interface g0/0/1
[SW3-g0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW3-g0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[SW3-g0/0/1]interface g0/0/2
[SW3-g0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW3-g0/0/2]port default vlan 30
[SW3-g0/0/2]interface g0/0/3
[SW3-g0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW3-g0/0/3]port default vlan 40
```
- 测试与验证
```
Vlan10主机192.168.10.1 ping 192.168.20.1
192.168.30.1
192.168.40.1
```
### 三、三层交换连接路由实现全网互通
![image-20240828194823206](https://picgo-noriu.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Images/image-20240828194823206.png)
- 配置步骤1通过三层交换实现vlan10vlan20vlan30vlan40之间的通信具体命令参考1前一个实验
- 配置步骤2配置三层交换连接路由器并实现全网互通用
- 三层交换机配置
```
[S3]vlan 50
[S3]interfaceVlanif 50
[S3-Vlanif50]IPaddress 192.168.50.1 24
[S3]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]portlink-type access
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]portdefault vlan 50
[S3]IP route-static 192.168.60.0 24 192.168.50.2
```
路由配置
```
[R1]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]IPaddress 192.168.60.254 24
[R1]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]IPaddress 192.168.50.2 24
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.50.1
```
- 验证
```
192.168.60.1的主机 ping 192.168.10.1
192.168.20.1
192.168.30.1
192.168.40.1
```