Cyber_Security_Notes/1. 基础部分/0801_交换机.md

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# 交换机
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### 1、 作用及类型
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- 作用:
- 用 于将多台计算机/交换机连接到一起,组建网络。
- 连接电脑组建局域网(组建局域网的主要设备)
- 类型限制、隔离、ALC
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### 2、 eNSP
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1. 交换机、路由器、防火墙、WIFI、电脑
> 设置显示与隐藏标签:菜单 - 工具 - 选项 - 显示设备标签/显示设备型号
>
> 设置显示与隐藏标签:菜单 - 工具 - 选项 - 总显示接口标签
>
> 通过文本工具添加标签,右击文本文字可调整大小、字体、背景颜色
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### 3、 拓扑文件保存
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### 4、 配置视图
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1. ##### 连接物理设备
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- 使用console线一端连接交换机console口另一端连接计算机USB或com、Putty、SecureCRT、Xshell等终端程序进入设备的配置界面。
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2. ##### 视图
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- 用户视图:<Hwuwei>
- 系统视图:[Hwuwei]
- 命令system-view简写sy
- 作用:配置设备的系统参数
- quite退回到上一个视图逐级退回
- returnctrl+z直接退回到用户视图
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3. ##### 接口视图
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- 命令interface GigabitEtherent 0/0/1简写int g0/0/1
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4. ##### 协议视图
5. ##### 操作技巧
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- 可以查看help
- 查命令的全拼sys?
- 查后面能跟什么命令interface ?
- Tab自动补全但需前置键入的检索结果唯一
- 命令简写sy、int g0/0/1
- 不区分大小写
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### 5、 交换机的基本配置命令
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1. ##### 查看版本信息
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> <Huawei>display version
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2. ##### 查看华为网络设备的当前配置
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> <Huawei>display current-configuration //简写dis cu
>
> 注:回车翻行,空格翻页
3. ##### 查看当前视图的配置
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> [Huawei]display this
>
> [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display this
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4. ##### 更改设备名称需要在用户视图save保存
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> [Huawei]sysname SW1 //修改设备名为SW1简写sy SW1
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>
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> [SW1]display this //查看当前视图有效配置
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5. ##### 重启
> <Huawei>reboot
6. ##### 端口的开关
- 关闭端口(禁用端口)
> [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]shutdown
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- 启用端口
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> [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]undo shutdown
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7. ##### 设置交换机密码
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> [Huawei]user-interface console 0
>
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> [Huawei-ui-console0]authentication-mode password //启用密码验证
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>
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> [Huawei-ui-console0]set authentication password cipher 123456 //设置加密密码
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>
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> [Huawei-ui-console0]set authentication password simple 123456 //设置明文密码
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>
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> [Huawei-ui-console0]undo set authentication password //关闭密码验证
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eg. 加密密码
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```
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<Huawei>system-view
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[Huawei]user-interface console 0 //简写user-in co 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]authentication-mode password //简写auth p
[Huawei-ui-console0]set authentication password cipher 123456 //设置加密密码简写set a p c 123456
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[Huawei-ui-console0]display this
#
user-interface con 0
authentication-mode password
set authentication password cipher 8s~f3m^nI@EBi%T]n/.IF3G#
user-interface vty 0 4
#
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简写:
<Huawei>sy
[Huawei]user-in co 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]auth p
[Huawei-ui-console0]set a p c 123456
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```
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eg. 明文密码
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```
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<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]user-interface console 0 //简写user-in co 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]authentication-mode password //简写auth p
[Huawei-ui-console0]set authentication password simple 123456 //设置明文密码简写set a p s 123456
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[Huawei-ui-console0]display this
#
user-interface con 0
authentication-mode password
set authentication password simple 123456
user-interface vty 0 4
#
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简写:
<Huawei>sy
[Huawei]user-in co 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]auth p
[Huawei-ui-console0]set a p s 123456
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```
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8. ##### 设置交换机闲置会话时间
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- [Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 1 //设置闲置会话时间为1分钟
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- [Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 //永不超时
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- [Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 1440 //设置闲置会话时间为24小时简写i 1440
> 默认闲置会话时间10分钟
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```
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<Huawei>system-view
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[Huawei]user-interface console 0
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[Huawei-ui-console0]authentication-mode password
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[Huawei-ui-console0]set authentication password cipher 123456
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[Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 1440 //设置闲置会话时间为24小时
简写:
<Huawei>sy
[Huawei]user-in co 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]auth p
[Huawei-ui-console0]set a p c 123456
[Huawei-ui-console0]i 1440
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```
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9. ##### 关闭终端提示
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> <Huawei>undo terminal monitor //缩写u t m
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10. ##### 恢复出厂默认设置
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> <Huawei>reset saved-configuration //简写res sa
```
<S1>reset saved-configuration //恢复出厂设置
Warning: The action will delete the saved configuration in the device.
The configuration will be erased to reconfigure. Continue? [Y/N]:y //是否要恢复出厂设置选择Y
Warning: Now clearing the configuration in the device.
Info: Succeeded in clearing the configuration in the device.
<S1>reboot //重启
Info: The system is now comparing the configuration, please wait.
Warning: All the configuration will be saved to the configuration file for the n
ext startup:, Continue?[Y/N]:n //提示是否保存当前配置选择N
Info: If want to reboot with saving diagnostic information, input 'N' and then e
xecute 'reboot save diagnostic-information'.
System will reboot! Continue?[Y/N]:y //是否重启选择Y
```
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### 6、远程控制交换机
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1. ##### 交换机VLAN设置IP地址
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```
<SW1>system-view
[SW1]interface Vlanif 1
[SW1-Vlanif1]ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
简写:
<SW1>sy
[SW1]int v 1
[SW1-Vlanif1]ip a 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
```
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2. ##### 交换机设置远程管理密码
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```
<SW1>system-view
[SW1]user-interface vty 0 4
[SW1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode password
[SW1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password cipher 123
[SW1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 3
远程登录:
<PC>telnet 192.168.1.100
```
> [SW1]user-interface vty 0 4
>
> - `user-interface`:指示接下来要配置的是用户接口。
> - `vty`代表Virtual Teletype即虚拟终端。VTY是网络设备上的一种逻辑接口允许通过SSH、Telnet等远程协议进行远程访问。
> - `0 4`指定VTY接口的范围从VTY 0到VTY 4。这意味着命令将应用于VTY 0、VTY 1、VTY 2、VTY 3和VTY 4这五个虚拟终端接口。
> [SW1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 3
>
> - level 3代表赋予3级权限默认权限为0参观级3为管理员级
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