2024-08-29 20:20:10 +08:00
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# VRRP
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### 一、VRRP概述
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1. **VRRP 是什么**
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- VRRP：虚拟路由器冗余协议
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- 通过把几台路由设备联合组成一台虚拟的路由设备，将虚拟路由设备的IP地址作为用户的默认网关实现与外部网络通信
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- 当网关设备发生故障时，VRRP能够选举新的网关设备承担数据流量，从而保障网络的可靠性，保障网络不中断
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2. **VRRP的作用**
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- 实现多个物理网关的冗余备份
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- 实现数据转发的负载分担
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3. **VRRP组成员角色**
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1. 主路由器：Master →负责承担数据报文转发任务
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2. 备份路由器：Backup →负责监控主路由器状态
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3. 虚拟路由器 ：Virtual → 又称VRRP备份组，虚拟路由器的IP地址作为局域网中主机的默认网关
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4. **VRRP主备角色选择原则**
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1. 首先比较优先级，优先级大的为master
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2. 如果优先级一致，其次比较ip地址，IP地址大的为master
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5. **VRRP需知**
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- 在一个VRRP备份组中，Master设备有且仅有一个
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- VRRP协议包括两个版本：VRRPv2和VRRPv3
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- VRRPv2仅适用于IPv4网络，VRRPv3适用于IPv4和IPv6两种网络
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- VRRP协议报文封装在IP报头的后面，协议号是112
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- VRRP通告报文源地址为主路由器物理接口的IP地址（不是虚拟IP地址），目的地址是224.0.0.18
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### 二、VRRP名词解释
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1. VRRP路由器：凡是运行VRRP协议的路由器，都叫VRRP路由器
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2. 虚拟路由器：又称VRRP备份组
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3. Master路由器：承担数据转发任务的路由器
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4. Backup路由器：备份路由器
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5. VRID：虚拟路由器的标识，又称备份组组号
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6. 虚拟IP地址：Virtual IP ：虚拟路由器的IP地址，即：局域网内主机的默认网关地址
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7. 虚拟MAC地址：：虚拟MAC地址根据虚拟路由器VRID生成的
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> &：一个虚拟路由器拥有一个虚拟MAC地址
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> 如果VRID是1： 虚拟MAC地址就是： 00-00-5E-00-01-01
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> 如果VRID是5： 虚拟MAC地址就是： 00-00-5E-00-01-05
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> 如果VRID是233： 虚拟MAC地址就是： 00-00-5E-00-01-E9
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> (10进制的233==16进制的E9)
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### 三、VRRP工作过程
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1. VRRP备份组中的设备根据优先级选举出Master-主路由器
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2. Master-主路由器发送免费ARP报文，将虚拟MAC地址通知给与它连接的设备，承担数据转发任务
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3. Master-主路由器周期性发送VRRP通告报文（三层心跳报文）
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4. 通告报文发送的周期时间：默认情况下是1秒
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5. 通告报文发送的目的地址是组播地址：224.0.0.18
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6. Backup-备份路由器监控主路由器状态，在3倍的"发送周期"+偏移时间后，如果无法收到主路由器发送的VRRP 通告报文，备份路由器升级为“新的Master-主路由器”，新的Master-路由器会立即发送免费ARP报文，刷新与它连接设备中的MAC表项，从而把用户流量引到新的Master设备上来。
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7. 原Master设备故障恢复时，首先切换至Backup状态
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- 如果原Master已开启抢占模式，并且对比优先级，发现自己的优先级高，则主动将自己切换成Master。
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- 如果原Master没有开启抢占模式，即便优先级高，也不会进行抢占，依然保持Backup状态
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### 四、VRRP热备实验
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- **需求**
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- 公司部署VRRP，虚拟网关：192.168.1.254
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- 让R1成为master-主路由器，承担用户数据转发任务
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- 让R2成为backup-备份路由器，监视主路由器
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- 实现PC1/PC2 和PC3能够互联互通，流量默认走R1
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- 当R1设备故障后，流量默认走R2
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- **配置步骤**
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1. 配置PC的接口IP地址
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2. 配置vlan,接口加入vlan
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3. 配置路由器的接口IP地址
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4. 配置vrrp
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5. 配置静态路由和浮动路由
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- **配置命令**
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- 第一步：配置PC的IP地址，掩码，网关
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- 第二步：创建vlan10 接口加入vlan10
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```
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[SW1]vlan 10
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[SW1-vlan10]quit
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[SW1]port-group group-member g0/0/1 to g0/0/4
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[SW1-port-group]port link-type access
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[SW1-port-group]port default vlan 10
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```
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- 第三步：配置路由器的接口的IP地址
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```
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[R1]int g0/0/0
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[R1-G0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.251 24
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[R1-G0/0/0]int g0/0/1
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[R1-G0/0/1]ip add 192.168.13.1 24
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```
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```
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[R2]int g0/0/0
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[R2-G0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.252 24
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[R2-G0/0/0]int g0/0/1
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[R2-G0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.1 24
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```
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```
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[R3]int g0/0/0
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[R3-G0/0/0]ip add 192.168.13.3 24
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[R3-G0/0/0]int g0/0/1
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[R3-G0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.3 24
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[R3-G0/0/1]int g0/0/2
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[R3-G0/0/2]ip add 192.168.3.254 24
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```
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- 第四步：配置VRRP
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```
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[R1]int g0/0/0
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[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254 ：在接口下开启vrrp功能，创建备份组1；定义虚拟网关为：192.168.1.254
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[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 130 ：配置R1在备份组1中的优先级为130；让R1成为备份组1中master-主路由器
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[R2]int g0/0/0
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[R2-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254 ：在接口下开启vrrp功能，创建备份组1；定义虚拟网关地址为“ 192.168.1.254
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```
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- 第五步：R1和R2配置去往192.168.3.0/24网段的静态路由
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```
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[R1]ip route-static 192.168.3.0 24 192.168.13.3
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[R2]ip route-static 192.168.3.0 24 192.168.23.3
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```
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- 第六步：R3配置去往192.168.1.0/24的浮动路由
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```
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[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.13.1
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[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.23.1 preference 70
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```
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- 验证
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```
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ping 192.168.3.1
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tracert 192.168.3.1 :流量走R1
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```
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*注释*
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```
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<R1>display vrrp ：显示vrrp信息
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G0/0/0 | Virtual Router 1 ：vrrp备份组所在的接口，和备份组组号
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State : Master ：当前路由器R1的状态是master
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Virtual IP : 192.168.1.254 ：vrrp备份组的虚拟IP
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Master IP : 192.168.1.251 ：主路由器的物理接口IP地址
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PriorityRun : 130 ：当前运行的优先级是130
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PriorityConfig : 130 ：配置的优先级是130
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MasterPriority : 130 ：主路由器的优先级是130
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Preempt : YES Delay Time : 0 s ：抢占模式：开启， 抢占延迟：0秒
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TimerRun : 1 s ：主路由器发送vrrp报文的间隔时间
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TimerConfig : 1 s ：主路由器发送vrrp报文的配置时间
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Auth type : NONE : 认证：无
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Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101 ：虚拟IP所对应的虚拟MAC地址
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Check TTL : YES ：检查TTL ：开启
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Config type : normal-vrrp ：vrrp类型： 普通
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Backup-forward : disabled ：备份设备转发流量：不转发
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Create time : 2023-09-26 14:35:08 ：vrrp备份组创建的时间
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Last change time : 2023-09-26 15:5 ：vrrp备份组最后1次状态变化的时间
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[R1]display vrrp brief
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Total:1 Master:1 Backup:0 Non-active:0
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VRID State Interface Type Virtual IP
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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1 Master GE0/0/0 Normal 192.168.1.254
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```
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### 五、VRRP上行链路跟踪（上行端口监控）
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- 需求
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```
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PC1和PC2互联互通
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1）R1/R2部署VRRP备份组，组号为1
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2）R1的VRRP优先级为130，R1是主路由器
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3）R2的VRRP优先级为100，R2是备份路由器
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4）PC1和PC2互通，流量走R1-主路由器
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5）R1连接R3的上行链路突发故障，导致网络中断，为了避免网络中断，要让R2升级为主设备，承担流量转发
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```
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- 配置步骤
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1. 第一步：配置PC的IP地址，掩码，网关
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2. 第二步：配置交换机vlan ,接口加vlan
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3. 第三步：R1/R2配置接口IP地址，配置VRRP
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- 让R1成为主设备，R2成为备份设备
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4. 第四步：R1/R2/R3配置静态路由
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1. 配置R3的接口IP地址
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2. R1/R2 配置去往192.168.2.0/24网段的路由，下一跳为R3的接口IP地址
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3. R3配置去往192.168.1/24 网段的路由，下一跳为R1
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4. R3配置去往192.168.1/24 网段的路由，下一跳为R2
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5. 第五步：验证VRRP
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6. 第六步：模拟R1上行链路故障，让R2升级为主网关
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- 配置命令
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- 第一步：配置PC的IP地址，掩码，网关
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- 第二步：配置vlan，接口加入vlan
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- SW1配置
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```
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[SW1]vlan 10
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[SW1-vlan10]quit
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[SW1]port-group group-member g0/0/1 to g0/0/3
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[SW1-port-group]port link-type access
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[SW1-port-group]port default vlan 10
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```
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- 第三步：R1/R2配置接口IP地址，配置VRRP
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> 让R1成为主设备，R2成为备份设备
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- R1配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Huawei]sys R1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.251 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 130
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/1]ip address 192.168.13.1 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R2配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Huawei]sys R2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.252 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/2]ip address 192.168.23.1 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第四步：R1/R2/R3配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 1. 配置R3的接口IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 2. R1/R2 配置去往192.168.2.0/24网段的路由，下一跳为R3的接口IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 3. R3配置去往192.168.1/24 网段的路由，下一跳为R1
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 4. R3配置去往192.168.1/24 网段的路由，下一跳为R2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R1配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.13.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R2配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.23.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R3配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Huawei]sys R3
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/1]ip address 192.168.13.3 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/1]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/2]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/2]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-Gt0/0/0]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.13.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.23.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第五步：验证VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
<R1>display vrrp //查看详细信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
<R1>display vrrp brief //查看简要信息
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC1 -->ping 192.168.2.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC1 -->tracert 192.168.2.1 //验证数据报文是否经主路由器转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第六步：模拟R1上行链路故障，让R2升级为主网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R1配置备注
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
R1的g0/0/1口故障，但是R1的g0/0/0口依然是UP的
|
|
|
|
|
|
所以只要R1的g0/0/0是UP的，R1就依然可以发送VRRP通告报文，R1依然是Master
|
|
|
|
|
|
所以主机的数据报文依然转发给R1,但是R1的g0/0/1接口down掉了
|
|
|
|
|
|
所以R1和外部设备R3的链路也就终端了，无法进行数据转发，
|
|
|
|
|
|
最终导致公司内网网络瘫痪
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*如何解决这个问题？*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 使用VRRP上行端口跟踪
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置命令如下
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 track int G0/0/1 reduced 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 这条配置命令表示： VRRP持续监控R1的g0/0/1口的状态，如果R1的g0/0/1接口状态为down 那么VRRP的优先级就减去50。
|
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 如果原来VRRP优先级为130，那么g0/0/1口down掉后，优先级就为130-50=80，R1的VRRP优先级为80 低于R2的优先级100
|
|
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 所以R2经过选举，最终抢占成为新的Master设备，承担流量转发任务
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 测试验证
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 把R1的上行链路接口g0/0/1 shutdown 掉，验证R2是否会升级为 master
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 六、VRRP负载分担
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **需求**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R1/R2部署VRRP，创建两个VRRP备份组，分别为组1和组2
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在备份组1中为R1为Master-主路由器、R2为Backup-备份路由器
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在备份组2中为R2为Master-主路由器、R1为Backup-备份路由器
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC1和Server1通信，数据默认通过备份组1中的R1-Master转发，如果R1故障，依靠备份组1内的R2转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC2和Server1通信，数据默认通过备份组2中的R2-Master转发，如果R2故障，依靠备份组2内的R1转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **配置步骤**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第一步：配置PC和server的IP地址，掩码，网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第二步：配置交换机vlan ,接口加vlan
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第三步：R1/R2配置接口IP地址，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 创建备份组1
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置备份组1的虚拟IP地址为：192.168.1.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 让R1成为备份组1的Master-主路由器，R2成为备份组1的Back-备份路由器
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在R1中配置备份组1的上行接口跟踪，当上行接口down的时候，优先级减去50
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 创建备份组2
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 设置备份组2的虚拟IP地址为：192.168.1.253
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 让R2成为备份组2的Master-主路由器，R1成为备份组2的Back-备份路由器
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在R2中配置备份组2的上行接口跟踪，当上行接口down的时候，优先级减去50
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第四步：R1/R2/R3配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 配置R3的接口IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. R3配置去往192.168.1/24 网段的路由，下一跳为R1
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. R3配置去往192.168.1/24 网段的路由，下一跳为R2
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. R1/R2 配置去往192.168.2.0/24网段的路由，下一跳为R3的接口IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第五步：验证VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC1 ping server1 验证数据依靠那个设备转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC2 ping server1 验证数据依靠那个设备转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **配置命令**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第一步：配置PC和server的IP地址，掩码，网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第二步：配置交换机vlan ,接口加vlan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW1配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]vlan 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-vlan10]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]port-group group-member g0/0/1 to g0/0/4
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-port-group]port link-type access
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-port-group]port default vlan 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第三步：R1/R2配置接口IP地址，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R1配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/1]ip address 192.168.13.1 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/1]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.251 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 130
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.1.253
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R2配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/2]ip address 192.168.23.1 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/2]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.252 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.1.253
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 priority 130
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2-G0/0/0]vrrp vrid 2 track int g0/0/2 reduced 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第四步：R1/R2/R3配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R3配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-Gi0/0/0]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/1]ip address 192.168.13.3 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/1]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/2]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3-G0/0/2]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.13.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.23.1 preference 70
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R1配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.13.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R2配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.23.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第五步：验证VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC1>tracert 192.168.2.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 192.168.1.251 31 ms 47 ms 47 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 192.168.13.3 31 ms 47 ms 47 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 192.168.2.1 63 ms 46 ms 47 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC2>tracert 192.168.2.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 192.168.1.252 32 ms 47 ms 46 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 192.168.23.3 47 ms 32 ms 62 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 192.168.2.1 47 ms 47 ms 31 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024-08-31 11:59:16 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 七、在交换机中部署VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. VRRP负载分担 - 多VLAN环境
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **需求**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. PC1属于vlan10 ,PC2属于vlan20
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. vlan10的主网关是SW1，备份网关是SW2，vlan10的数据流量默认由SW1转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. vlan20的主网关是SW2，备份网关是SW1，vlan20的数据流量默认由SW2转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **配置步骤**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第一步：配置PC和server的IP地址，掩码，网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第二步：在sw10交换机
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 创建vlan 10/20
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 与PC互联的接口，配置access模式，并加入指定的vlan
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 与交换机互联的接口配置trunk模式
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第三步：SW1和SW2配置VRRP负载均衡
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. SW1交换机配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在SW1中创建vlan 10/20/13
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置vlanif10的IP：192.168.10.251/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置vlanif20的IP：192.168.20.251/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置vlanif13的IP：192.168.13.1/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW1和R3互联的接口g0/0/1加入vlan13
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW1和SW10互联的接口配置为trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
****
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在SW1交换机的vlanif10虚接口下，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在vlanif10虚接口下创建备份组10的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.10.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置备份组10的优先级为130
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 让SW1成为备份组10的Master-->让SW1成为vlan10的主网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在备份组10中配置上行接口跟踪，当上行接口down的时候，优先级减去50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
****
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在SW1交换机的vlanif20虚接口下，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在vlanif20虚接口下创建备份组20的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.20.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 让SW1成为备份组20的Backup-->SW1是vlan20的备份网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. SW2交换机配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在SW2中创建vlan 10/20/23
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置vlanif10的IP：192.168.10.252/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置vlanif20的IP：192.168.20.252/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置vlanif23的IP：192.168.23.1/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW2和R3互联的接口g0/0/1加入vlan23
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW2和SW10互联的接口配置为trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
****
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在SW2交换机的vlanif10虚接口下，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在vlanif10虚接口下创建备份组10的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.10.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 让SW2成为备份组10的Backup--SW2是vlan10的备份网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
****
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在SW2交换机的vlanif20虚接口下，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在vlanif20虚接口下创建备份组20的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.20.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置备份组20的优先级为130
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 让SW2成为备份组20的Master-->让SW2成为vlan20的主网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在备份组20中配置上行接口跟踪，当上行接口down的时候，优先级减去50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第四步：SW1/SW2/R3配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 配置R3的接口IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. R3配置去往192.168.10/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW1
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. R3配置去往192.168.10/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW2
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. R3配置去往192.168.20/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW1
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. R3配置去往192.168.20/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW2
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. SW1/SW2 配置去往192.168.2.0/24网段的路由，下一跳为R3的接口IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第五步：验证VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC1 ping server1 验证vlan10的数据依靠SW1转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC2 ping server1 验证vlan20的数据依靠SW2转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **配置命令**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第一步：配置PC和server的IP地址，掩码，网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第二步：在sw10交换机
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW10配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10]vlan batch 10 20
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-G0/0/1]port link-type access
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-G0/0/1]port default vlan 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-G0/0/1]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-G0/0/2]port link-type access
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-G0/0/2]port default vlan 20
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-G0/0/2]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10]port-group group-member g0/0/3 g0/0/4
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-port-group]port link-type trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW10-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第三步：SW1和SW2配置VRRP负载均衡
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW1配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20 13
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-G0/0/1]port link-type access
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-G0/0/1]port default vlan 13
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-G0/0/1]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]int vlanif 13
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif13]ip address 192.168.13.1 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif13]int vlanif 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.251 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 priority 130
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.20.251 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-Vlanif20]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-G0/0/2]port link-type trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-G0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW2配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]vlan batch 10 20 23
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-G0/0/1]port link-type access
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-G0/0/1]port default vlan 23
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-G0/0/1]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]int vlanif 23
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif23]ip address 192.168.23.1 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif23]int vlanif 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.252 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.20.252 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 priority 130
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-G0/0/2]port link-type trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-G0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第四步：SW1/SW2/R3配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R1配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/0]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/1]ip address 192.168.13.3 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/1]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/2]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-G0/0/2]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.13.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.23.1 preference 70
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.13.1 preference 70
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.23.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW1配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.13.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW2配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.23.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第五步：验证VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC1 ping server1 验证vlan10的数据依靠SW1转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC1>tracert 192.168.2.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 192.168.10.251 47 ms 32 ms 46 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 192.168.13.3 63 ms 62 ms 79 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 192.168.2.1 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC2 ping server1 验证vlan20的数据依靠SW2转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC2>tracert 192.168.2.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 192.168.20.252 109 ms 47 ms 31 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 192.168.23.3 110 ms 78 ms 78 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 192.168.2.1 94 ms 78 ms 93 ms
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]display vrrp brief
|
|
|
|
|
|
VRID State Interface Type Virtual IP
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Master Vlanif10 Normal 192.168.10.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Backup Vlanif20 Normal 192.168.20.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total:2 Master:1 Backup:1 Non-active:0
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]display vrrp brief
|
|
|
|
|
|
VRID State Interface Type Virtual IP
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Backup Vlanif10 Normal 192.168.10.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Master Vlanif20 Normal 192.168.20.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total:2 Master:1 Backup:1 Non-active:0
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 八、VRRP+MSTP联动
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **需求**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. PC1属于vlan10 ,PC2属于vlan20
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. vlan10的主网关是SW1，备份网关是SW2，vlan10的数据流量默认由SW1转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. vlan20的主网关是SW2，备份网关是SW1，vlan20的数据流量默认由SW2转发
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. SW1和SW2部署MSTP和VRRP，既要实现负载分担，又要互为备份
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- **配置步骤**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第一步：配置PC和server的IP地址，掩码，网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第二步：在sw3交换机
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 创建vlan 10/20
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 与PC互联的接口，配置access模式，并加入指定的vlan
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 与交换机互联的接口配置trunk模式
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 配置MSTP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第三步：SW1和SW2配置VRRP和MSTP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW1交换机配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 在SW1中创建vlan 10/20/13
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 配置vlanif10的IP：192.168.10.251/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 配置vlanif20的IP：192.168.20.251/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 配置vlanif13的IP：192.168.13.1/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. SW1和R3互联的接口g0/0/1加入vlan13
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. SW1和SW10互联的接口配置为trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
****
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 在SW1交换机的vlanif10虚接口下，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 在vlanif10虚接口下创建备份组10的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.10.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 配置备份组10的优先级为130
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 让SW1成为备份组10的Master-->让SW1成为vlan10的主网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. 在备份组10中配置上行接口跟踪，当上行接口down的时候，优先级减去50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
****
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 在SW1交换机的vlanif20虚接口下，配置VRRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 在vlanif20虚接口下创建备份组20的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.20.254
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 让SW1成为备份组20的Backup-->SW1是vlan20的备份网关
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
****
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. SW1配置MSTP，让SW1成为vlan10的主根，成为vlan20的备根
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW2交换机配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 在SW2中创建vlan 10/20/23
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2. 配置vlanif10的IP：192.168.10.252/24
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3. 配置vlanif20的IP：192.168.20.252/24
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4. 配置vlanif23的IP：192.168.23.1/24
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5. SW2和R3互联的接口g0/0/1加入vlan23
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6. SW2和SW10互联的接口配置为trunk
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****
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1. 在SW2交换机的vlanif10虚接口下，配置VRRP
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2. 在vlanif10虚接口下创建备份组10的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.10.254
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3. 让SW2成为备份组10的Backup--SW2是vlan10的备份网关
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****
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1. 在SW2交换机的vlanif20虚接口下，配置VRRP
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2. 在vlanif20虚接口下创建备份组20的，并配置虚拟IP：192.168.20.254
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3. 配置备份组20的优先级为130
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4. 让SW2成为备份组20的Master-->让SW2成为vlan20的主网关
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5. 在备份组20中配置上行接口跟踪，当上行接口down的时候，优先级减去50
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****
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1. SW2配置MSTP，让SW2成为vlan20的主根，成为vlan10的备根
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- 第四步：SW1/SW2/R3配置静态路由
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1. 配置R3的接口IP地址
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2. R3配置去往192.168.10/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW1
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3. R3配置去往192.168.10/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW2
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4. R3配置去往192.168.20/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW1
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5. R3配置去往192.168.20/24 网段的路由，下一跳为SW2
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6. SW1/SW2 配置去往192.168.2.0/24网段的路由，下一跳为R3的接口IP地址
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- 第五步：验证VRRP
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- PC1 ping server1 验证vlan10的数据依靠SW1转发
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- PC2 ping server1 验证vlan20的数据依靠SW2转发
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- **配置命令**
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- 第一步：配置PC和server的IP地址，掩码，网关
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- 第二步：在sw3交换机
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- SW3配置
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```
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[SW3]vlan batch 10 20
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[SW3]int g0/0/1
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
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[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
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[SW3]port-group group-member g0/0/3 g0/0/4
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[SW3-port-group]port link-type trunk
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[SW3-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
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[SW3-port-group]quit
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[SW3]stp region-configuration
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[SW3-mst-region] region-name ntd
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[SW3-mst-region] instance 10 vlan 10
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[SW3-mst-region] instance 20 vlan 20
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[SW3-mst-region] active region-configuration
|
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|
|
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```
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|
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- 第三步：SW1和SW2配置VRRP和MSTP和静态路由
|
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|
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- SW1配置
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```
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|
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[SW1]vlan batch 10 20
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[SW1]int g0/0/2
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
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[SW1]vlan batch 13
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[SW1]int vlanif 10
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[SW1-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.251 24
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[SW1-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
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[SW1-Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.20.251 24
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[SW1-Vlanif20]int vlanif 13
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[SW1-Vlanif13]ip address 192.168.13.1 24
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|
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[SW1-Vlanif13]quit
|
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|
|
|
[SW1]int vlanif10
|
|
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|
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[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
|
|
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[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 priority 130
|
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[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50
|
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|
|
[SW1-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
|
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|
|
[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
|
|
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|
|
[SW1-Vlanif20]quit
|
|
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|
|
[SW1]int g0/0/1
|
|
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|
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
|
|
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|
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[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 13
|
|
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|
|
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.13.3
|
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|
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[SW1]stp region-configuration //配置MSTP
|
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|
|
[SW1-mst-region]region-name ntd
|
|
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|
|
|
[SW1-mst-region]instance 10 vlan 10
|
|
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|
|
[SW1-mst-region]instance 20 vlan 20
|
|
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|
[SW1-mst-region]active region-configuration
|
|
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|
|
|
[SW1-mst-region]quit
|
|
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|
|
|
[SW1]stp instance 10 priority 4096 //让SW1成为vlan10的主根
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]stp instance 20 priority 8192 //让SW1成为vlan20的备根
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1]int g0/0/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- SW2的配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]vlan batch 10 20 23
|
|
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|
|
|
[SW2]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
|
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|
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[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]int vlanif 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.252 24
|
|
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|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
|
|
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|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif10]int vlanif20
|
|
|
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|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.20.252 24
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|
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|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
|
|
|
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|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 priority 130
|
|
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|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track int g0/0/1 reduced 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif20]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]int vlanif 23
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif23]ip address 192.168.23.1 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-Vlanif23]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 23
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.23.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]stp region-configuration
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-mst-region] region-name ntd
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-mst-region] instance 10 vlan 10
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-mst-region] instance 20 vlan 20
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-mst-region] active region-configuration
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-mst-region]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]stp instance 10 priority 8192
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]stp instance 20 priority 4096
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2]int g0/0/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk
|
|
|
|
|
|
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第四步：R3配置静态路由
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- R1的配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]int g0/0/0
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.13.3 24
|
|
|
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|
|
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.13.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.23.1 preference 70
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.23.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.13.1 preference 70
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第五步：验证
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- VRRPPC1 ping server1 验证连通性
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC1 tracert server1 验证数据转发路径
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC2 ping server1 验证连通性
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PC2 tracert server1 验证数据转发路径
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 故障模拟：断开SW1的上行链路，验证数据转发路径断开SW1的下行链路，验证数据转发路径
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 九、知识总结
|
2024-08-29 20:20:10 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. **VRRP**：虚拟路由器冗余协议
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. **VRRP的作用**：预防单点（单网关）故障，实现网关备份
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. **VRRP是公有协议，协议号是112，工作在网络层，数据报文封装在IP报头后面**
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. **VRRP的角色**
|
|
|
|
|
|
- master-主网关设备 backup-备份网关设备 虚拟路由器
|
|
|
|
|
|
- master: 负责转发用户数据
|
|
|
|
|
|
- backup: 监控主网关设备
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 虚拟路由器的IP地址：用户主机的网关地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. **VRRP的报文**
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 报文名字： VRRP通告报文，也称三层的心跳报文
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 报文怎么发： 周期性发送，每1秒发送一个报文
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 报文谁来发： master设备来发送这个VRRP通告
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 报文源IP： 报文的源IP：master设备物理接口IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 报文目的IP： 报文的目的地址：组播地址：224.0.0.18
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 报文中包含那些重要信息 ： vrid 优先级 虚拟IP地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. **VRRP备份组**
|
|
|
|
|
|
- vrid : 备份组的组号, 也叫虚拟路由器标识符
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在一个备份组中只有一个虚拟路由器，也只有一台master设备
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 在一个备份组中有虚拟IP地址，那么需不需要有虚拟MAC地址
|
|
|
|
|
|
7. **VRRP虚拟MAC**
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 虚拟MAC地址地址： 00005e0001-根据备份组号
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 如果备份组的组号是10 00005e0001-0a
|
|
|
|
|
|
8. **Master设备是如何选举的呢？**
|
|
|
|
|
|
- priority : 优先级
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 是根据优先级来选举的，优先级值范围： 0-255 默认值是100 数值越大越优先
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 如果优先级一致，则比较配置vrrp的那个物理接口的IP地址，IP地址越大越好
|
|
|
|
|
|
9. **VRRP的状态**
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 初始化
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 活动状态：master
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 备份状态：backup
|
|
|
|
|
|
10. **VRRP主备选举**
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 配置完vrrp的时候，设备的状态是 初始化
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. 如果设备的优先级低于255，则进入backup，然后在切换到master状态
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. 两台设备通过比较vrrp报文，来进行主备选举
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 然后优先级高的成为master ,优先级低的成为backup
|
|
|
|
|
|
11. **VRRP主备切换**
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第一种情况
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. master设备的vrrp的配置被人为的删除
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. master设备会发送一个优先级为0的vrrp报文
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. backup设备收到优先级为0的vrrp报文后，在等待一个偏移时间后，会升级为新的master
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 切换的等待时间： 偏移时间： 256-优先级/256=0.5秒左右
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 第二种情况
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. master设备故障了，无法发送vrrp报文
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. backup设备等待 master_down 定时器超时后，（3倍的发送周期+偏移时间）
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. backup设备升级为新的master设备
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. 切换的等待时间，是3.5秒左右 （master-down定时器+偏移时间）
|
|
|
|
|
|
12. **两个定时器**
|
|
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- VRRP通告报文-发送间隔定时器： 1秒
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- master-down 定时器（ 主路由器故障定时器）：
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- 3倍的发送间隔定时器：3秒 + 偏移时间： 256-优先级/256
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- 256-130=126/256：0.49秒
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- VRRP抢占模式：模式开启
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13. **VRRP工作过程**
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1. vrrp备份组中选举出master设备
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2. master设备，发送用户数据，并且每隔1秒发送一个vrrp通告报文
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3. backup设备，监控master设备
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4. 如果master设备故障，则进行主备切换
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5. 如果master设备故障恢复，并且开启抢占模式，则进行主备回切
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